SIMPLE PRESENT

Simple present

El "simple present" se utiliza:

• Para expresar hábitos y rutinas, hechos generales, acciones repetidas o situaciones, emociones y deseos permanentes:
  I smoke (hábito); I work in London (permanencia); London is a large city (hecho general)
• Para dar instrucciones o indicaciones:
  You walk for two hundred meters, then you turn left.
• Para hablar de eventos programados, presentes o futuros:
  Your exam starts at 09.00.
• Para referirse al futuro, detrás de algunas conjunciones: after, when, before, as soon as, until:
  He'll give it to you when you come next Saturday.

¡Cuidado! El "simple present" no se utiliza para hablar de lo que está ocurriendo en este momento.

Ejemplos

• Hábitos y rutinas
  He drinks tea at breakfast.
  She only eats fish.
  They watch television regularly.
• Eventos y acciones repetidos
  We catch the bus every morning.
  It rains every afternoon in the hot season.
  They drive to Monaco every summer.
• Hechos generales
  Water freezes at zero degrees.
  The Earth revolves around the Sun.
  Her mother is Peruvian.

• Instrucciones o indicaciones
  Open the packet and pour the contents into hot water.
  You take the No.6 bus to Watney and then the No.10 to Bedford.
• Eventos programados
  His mother arrives tomorrow.
  Our holiday starts on the 26th March
• Construcciones de futuro
  She'll see you before she leaves.
  We'll give it to her when she arrives.

Observa el siguiente video

 

Formación del "simple present": to think

Afirmativa	Interrogativa	Negativa
I think	Do I think?	I do not think
You think	Do you think?	You do not think
He thinks	Does he think?	He does not think
She thinks	Does she think?	She does not think
It thinks	Does it think?	It does not think
We think	Do we think?	We do not think.
They think	Do they think?	They do not think.

Notas sobre la tercera persona del singular del "simple present"

• En la tercera persona del singular, el verbo siempre termina en -s:
  he wants, she needs, he gives, she thinks.
• Para las formas negativa e interrogativa, se emplea DOES (= tercera persona del auxiliar 'DO') + el infinitivo del verbo.
  He wants ice cream. Does he want strawberry? He does not want vanilla.
• Verbos que terminan en -y : en la tercera persona del singular, se cambia la -y por -ies:
  fly --> flies, cry --> cries
  Excepción: cuando una vocal precede a la -y:
  play --> plays, pray --> prays
• Añadimos -es a los verbos que terminan en:-ss, -x, -sh, -ch:
  he passes, she catches, he fixes, it pushes

Ejemplos

• He goes to school every morning.
• She understands English.
• It mixes the sand and the water.
• He tries very hard.
• She enjoys playing the piano.

Observa el siguiente video:

 

Negative Sentences (Frases negativas)

Sujeto + verbo auxiliar (to do) + auxiliar negativo (“not”) + verbo.

Ejemplos:

I do not [don’t] talk. (Yo no hablo.)

He does not [doesn’t] eat. (Él no come.)

They do not [don’t] learn. (Ellos no aprenden.)

Nota: En frases negativas, el verbo auxiliar (“to do”) cambia y el verbo principal va en el infinitivo.

3. Interrogative Sentences (Frases interrogativas)

Verbo auxiliar (to do) + sujeto + verbo principal?

Ejemplos:

Do you talk? (¿Hablas tú?)

Does he eat? (¿Come él?)

Do they learn? (¿Aprenden ellos?)

Nota: Como en frases negativas, en frases interrogativas el verbo auxiliar (“to do”) cambia y el verbo principal va en el infinitivo.

Para más información sobre la estructura de frases, ver la lección, construir frases.

Nota: Como en frases negativas, en frases interrogativas el verbo auxiliar (“to do”) cambia y el verbo principal va en el infinitivo.

Para más información sobre la estructura de frases, ver la lección, construir frases.

Uses (Usos)

1. El presente simple se utiliza para hablar de cosas que suceden habitualmente. A diferencia con el español, no se usa el presente simple para hablar sobre algo que está pasando en el momento en el que hablamos.
Se suele utilizar el presente simple con adverbios de tiempo:

always (siempre), every day (cada día), usually (normalmente),
often (a menudo), sometimes (a veces), rarely (raramente),
hardly ever (casi nunca), never (nunca)…

Ejemplos:

I always talk to my mother on Sunday. (Siempre hablo con mi madre el domingo.)

He never eats vegetables. (Nunca come las verduras.)

They usually learn something new in class. (Normalmente aprenden algo nuevo en la clase.)

Excepción:
Los adverbios de tiempo van delante del verbo, excepto el verbo “to be” (ser/estar). Cuando se usa “to be” el verbo va delante del adverbio.

Ejemplos:

I am always happy. (Siempre estoy contento.)

He is often sick. (A menudo él está enfermo.)

They are rarely late. (En raras ocasiones llegan tarde.)

2. Se utiliza para hablar de generalidades o hechos científicos.
Ejemplos:

He does not [doesn’t] eat vegetables. (Él no come verduras.)

She works in a hospital. (Ella trabaja en una hospital.)

Elephants live in Africa. (Los elefantes viven en África.)

Bogota is in Colombia. (Bogotá está en Colombia.)

Do children like animals? (¿Les gustan a los niños los animales?)

Adults do not [don’t] know everything. (Los adultos no lo saben todo.)

3. Se usa para eventos programados en el futuro próximo.
Ejemplos:

The train leaves at 10:00. (El tren sale a las 10h.)

The party is tonight. (La fiesta es esta noche.)

Does the festival start tomorrow? (¿Empieza el festival mañana?)

The plane does not [doesn’t] arrive today. (El avión no llega hoy.)

4. Se usa para instrucciones (el imperativo).
Ejemplos:

Open the window. (Abre la ventana.)

Eat the vegetables. (Come las verduras.)

Don’t cry. (No llores.)

Do your homework. (Haz los deberes.)

Call your mother. (Llama a tu madre.)

OBSERVA EL SIGUIENTE VIDEO

 

 

 

EXERSICE

 

COPY IN YOUR NOTEBOOK THIS EXERCISES AND ANSWER THEM

 

Form of Affirmative Sentences - Part 1

Choose the correct form.

1. We sometimes readreads books.
2. Emily gogoes to the disco.
3. It often rainrains on Sundays.
4. Pete and his sister washwashes the family car.
5. I always hurryhurries to the bus stop.

Form of Affirmative Sentences - Part 2

Put the verbs into the correct form.

1. I (to like) lemonade very much.
2. The girls always (to listen) to pop music.
3. Janet never (to wear) jeans.
4. Mr Smith (to teach) Spanish and French.
5. You (to do) your homework after school.

Simple present with 'have' and 'be'

Fill in the correct form of the verbs.

1. We (to have) a nice garden.
2. She (to be) six years old.
3. Simon (to have) two rabbits and five goldfish.
4. I (to be) from Vienna, Austria.
5. They (to be) Sandy's parents.

Negative Sentences

Make negative sentences.

1. My father makes breakfast. →
2. They are eleven. →
3. She writes a letter. →
4. I speak Italian. →
5. Danny phones his father on Sundays. →

Questions

Make questions.

1. you / to speak / English →
2. when / he / to go / home →
3. they / to clean / the bathroom →
4. where / she / to ride / her bike →
5. Billy / to work / in the supermarket →

Signal Words

Find the signal words for simple present.

1. Which is a signal word for simple present?
   now last Monday often
2. Which is a signal word for simple present?
   sometimes at the moment yesterday
3. Which is a signal word for simple present?
   last Friday every Friday next Friday
4. Which is not a signal word for simple present?
   never already usually
5. Which is not a signal word for simple present?
   Listen! first ... then ... seldom

Activities for testing review:

https://1drv.ms/b/s!AupwFvFTkMQxgV_aKyJrqxzmnLlv

ELABORA UN COMENTARO ACERCA DE LO QUE TU APRENDISTE SOBRE EL SIMPLE PRESENT (UN PARRAFO DE MÍNIMO 5 RENGLONES), COLOCALO EN EL ESPACIO DESTINADO A LOS COMENTARIOS EN ESTE BLOG.